What is the atmosphere surrounding the Earth made of?

The atmosphere surrounding the Earth is primarily composed of nitrogen and oxygen, but it also contains a variety of other gases in smaller amounts, which is why the correct choice is that it consists of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases.

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere, while oxygen constitutes around 21%. The remaining 1% is made up of trace gases, including carbon dioxide, argon, neon, helium, methane, and others. These trace gases, although present in much smaller quantities, play critical roles in various atmospheric processes, such as the greenhouse effect and supporting life through photosynthesis.

This composition is essential for maintaining life on Earth, as it provides the necessary elements for respiration and regulates temperature through the greenhouse effect. Understanding the full composition of the atmosphere, including those trace gases, is crucial for studying climate, weather, and various environmental sciences.