What does Newton's Third Law of Motion state?

Newton's Third Law of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This fundamental principle explains how forces work in pairs; when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction back on the first object.

This law is crucial in understanding various physical phenomena, including propulsion in aircraft. For instance, when a jet engine expels exhaust gases backward, the action of the gases being expelled results in an equal and opposite reaction that propels the aircraft forward. This foundational concept is vital in aviation and mechanics, demonstrating how forces interact.

Other statements pertain to different principles: the first one relates to Newton's Second Law regarding the relationship between mass, acceleration, and force; the second concerns the law of conservation of energy; while the last statement refers to Newton's First Law about inertia, which states that an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. These statements are essential teachings in physics, but they do not describe the relationship defined by Newton's Third Law.